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Raumfahrt - Startvorbereitung für SLS rocket Artemis 2 mission -Update-3

21.05.2023

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Black astronaut says lunar mission will be ‘major accomplishment’ in American history

Victor Glover is part of a four-member crew that will orbit the moon in NASA’s Artemis II mission, scheduled for November 2024.
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Throughout his career in the Navy, pilot Victor Glover has taken part in many exhilarating missions, but his next one will dwarf them all — he will be flying in outer space.

As a naval pilot for 26 years, Glover traveled extensively around the world before joining NASA in 2013. Now he is preparing to go beyond and become the first Black American astronaut assigned to a lunar mission. In November 2024, the 47-year-old will fly to the moon as a member of the Artemis II, which will also include the first woman going to the moon. They will travel aboard the Orion spacecraft for approximately 10 days around the moon. 

 

One unique aspect Glover looks forward to, he said, is flying the spaceship by hand and spending 10 days with his crew.

“To see the Earth from the vantage point of the moon with that crew is going to be pretty special,” Glover said.

Glover spoke to NBC News about preparing for this historic mission, potential challenges his crew may face and the impact diversity has in space exploration. This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

NBC News: Artemis II is the first moon mission since 1972. How has the training process changed for a mission to the moon in 2023 versus back then in 1972?

Glover: There are flight controllers from 23 or more nations, what we call the Artemis Accords, that are agreeing to peacefully explore the solar system and the moon. But the basics are very similar: learning about the spaceship, learning about the mission and the trajectory, knowing what the crew can affect, what the crew can do — crew controls and then knowing the backup systems and knowing how to get out of challenging situations, and then working with the team that’s going to fly the mission from the ground. 

This mission is very similar to the Apollo 8 mission. The difference is this crew is made up of an international partnership between the U.S. and Canada. And our Artemis missions will continue to be an international partnership, as well as a public-private partnership. Partnership is going to be an increasing part of how we explore space, the moon and eventually onto Mars for the foreseeable future.

 
Victor Glover, Christina Koch, Reid Wiseman, and Jeremy Hansenr
The four members of the Artemis II crew, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, Reid Wiseman, and Jeremy Hansen.Riley McClenaghan / NASA
 

NBC News: Are there any risks that the crew is concerned with for this upcoming mission? If so, what is your crew doing to prepare for potential challenges?

Glover: Human spaceflight is dangerous. It is risky. We put a lot of time in trying to understand that risk. We don’t talk about the risks enough. So, that can make it seem jarring when something goes wrong. When it launches, [the rocket] will weigh five and a half million pounds. It’ll produce eight and a half million pounds of thrust. It’ll be controlled, but that’s enough to rip apart most things that are made by human hands. Human spaceflight is inherently about trust and teamwork. Every single person needs to know how important what they’re doing is. 

We’re also going to go out and meet those people that are putting together every single piece, because every screw, every wire, every weld, can impact our lives. We do what we can to learn about those risks and minimize or avoid them where we can. But at the end of the day, there are things that we can’t control. So, when we are faced with something that we don’t understand, we fall back on those fundamentals of the training and on the science and engineering that we use to build the vehicles to try to address the problem like Apollo 13 — one of the most amazing challenges that we overcame in real time while the public was watching. 

NBC News: How are you preparing yourself mentally and physically for this mission?

Glover: The training is a piece of it. That practice gives you an emotional preparation. If things start to go wrong, you’ve seen something like it before. Definitely before I go fly in a spacecraft, I also will pray. And that’s a part of how I prepare my family. My family knows I’m going to work hard and work with this crew, and we’re going to do our best. But they also are aware that there are things outside of our control. And so it’s nice to know that we can pray and go to God and put our concerns out there and know that they’ll be heard by someone. So, we pray as a family and we step out on faith.

NBC News: You will be the first Black man in this historic space crew participating in a moon mission in NASA’s 60-year history. Is there more room for diversity in space and if so, what impact would this have on space exploration?

Glover: We know that when designing or developing something, having diverse perspectives and an engaged team working on things is the best way to get a product developed or improved. Diversity isn’t just about having more skin shades or more genders. It’s about bringing in the talent of the whole team. Our country is wonderfully diverse and that’s what has made America such a resilient and robust country and economy and civilization and society. So, the fact that our astronaut corps now, instead of looking like one slice of our society, it looks like our society — that is a sign of improvement, but also a reminder that we have to continue to do that kind of work and be intentional about that. I’m honored to be in this position but also this position is so much smaller than what’s really happening at large. This mission is the next major moonshot, the next major accomplishment in our American story. When we can explore by all people, for all people, it helps everyone to feel they’re connected to that story — and that, to me, is big.

Victor Glover
Victor Glover.Josh Valcarcel / NASA

NBC News: In an interview with Axios, you mentioned discussing “Whitey on the Moon,” a poem by Gilbert Scott-Heron, with your colleagues. What discussions have you had about race with your team? And do you see your role in space exploration as a symbol of progress in combating racism in America?

Glover: “Whitey on the Moon,” written [around] the time where we were dealing with civil rights movements, protests, the Vietnam War — there was a lot going on in the 1960s and 70s. I bring that up as a symbol of this idea that I do outreach to tell the story of NASA out to the public because we’re stewards of the public’s resources. But I also do outreach inside of NASA, because we represent our country. If you take my class’ picture — the eight of us that were selected — and you put it next to the next smallest class, the original Mercury Seven, they chose the same [type of] person seven times. It was seven, white, male, military, English-speaking test pilot Christians, that were the same height, weight, roughly. I mean, they were all about 37 years old. And so my class was four men, four women, racially, gender diverse, different backgrounds, scientists, engineers, military officers, and some pilots. So, it’s a sign of progress. We should continually take steps forward.

NBC News: What discoveries does the crew hope to make while on this mission and what impact will this information have on society and space exploration in the future?

Glover: We want to make sure that Orion is safe for people to fly. If Orion is safe for people to fly, then we get people to the surface of the moon and onto the Gateway space station, where we can learn more about deep space, where we can learn more about our moon. Some scientists would call the moon the eighth continent of the earth. So, by learning about the moon, we learn how we got here and potentially where we’re going. If we don’t take care of this planet, we could potentially end up looking like the moon or Mars.

Quelle: NBC News

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Update: 15.06.2023

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NASA Laser Communications Terminal Delivered for Artemis II Moon Mission

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The laser communications system for NASA’s Artemis II mission arrived at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida for integration with the Orion spacecraft, which will carry astronauts around the Moon for the first time since the Apollo missions.

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The O2O payload at Kennedy Space Center undergoing unpacking and examination.
Credits: NASA / Isaac Watson

 

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On November 16, 2022, NASA launched the Artemis I mission, an uncrewed flight test that took the human-rated Orion spacecraft farther into space than any before. The next mission, Artemis II, will test all of Orion’s systems needed for crewed spaceflight and set the stage for future missions to the lunar surface. The Artemis II mission will also test new and enhanced technologies including laser communication capabilities.

Orion’s laser communications terminal is known as the Orion Artemis II Optical Communications System, or O2O.

Laser communications systems, like O2O, provide missions with increased data rates, meaning they can send and receive more information in a single transmission compared to traditional radio wave systems, which most NASA missions use today. More data means more discoveries.

“At 260 megabits per second, O2O is capable of sending down 4K high-definition video from the Moon,” said Steve Horowitz, O2O project manager. “In addition to video and pictures, O2O will transmit and receive procedures, pictures, flight plans, and be a link between Orion and mission control on Earth.”

After gathering data, O2O will send the information over laser signals to one of two ground stations in Las Cruces, New Mexico, or Table Mountain, California - both chosen for their minimal cloud coverage. The quality of images and videos sent from Orion through O2O will depend, in part, on the cloud coverage at the ground stations. 

The O2O laser terminal is part of the Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN)program’s optical infusion effort, which is demonstrating laser communications on multiple missions. O2O was developed by a team of engineers from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory (MIT-LL). This partnership has successfully led to multiple laser communications missions, such as the 2013 Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD), the 2021 Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD), and the 2022 TeraByte InfraRed Delivery (TBIRD) payload. By demonstrating this technology in multiple space regimes, SCaN is showcasing the benefits laser communications can have for missions.

Prior to its delivery to Kennedy, the O2O laser terminal went through several levels of environmental testing to ensure that the payload can operate in the harsh environment of space.

Laser communications terminals like O2O will allow more data to reach Earth and support scientists’ efforts to conduct advanced investigations. The data collected by Artemis II will inform NASA’s future lunar missions and help the agency establish a long-term presence on the Moon and, eventually, Mars.

The Orion Artemis II Optical Communications System (O2O) at Kennedy Space Center. In this picture, the payload is in a cleanroom, on a table and is being examined by engineers in white bunny suits.
The O2O payload in a Kennedy Space Center cleanroom.
Credits: NASA / Isaac Watson

O2O is funded by the Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The O2O terminal is managed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Partners include NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Lockheed Martin in Maryland, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory.

Quelle: NASA

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Update: 17.06.2023

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Handing over European Service Module for Artemis II

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In-depth

Moving European Service Module-2 for Artemis II
Moving European Service Module-2 for Artemis II

In the presence of one of the four Artemis astronauts that will rely on the European Service Module-2 for water, air, electricity, propulsion and temperature control on their two-week voyage around our Moon, ESA’s European Service Module production manager Anthony Thirkettle and NASA’s Orion programme manager Howard Hu signed the papers for the handover of the hardware at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, USA.

The European Service Module-2 will power the Orion spacecraft on the Artemis II mission that will see NASA astronauts commander Reid Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, and mission specialists Christina Koch with Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen complete flyby of the Moon and return to Earth.

The crew will fly Orion to 8889 km beyond the Moon before completing a lunar flyby and returning to Earth. The mission will take a minimum of eight days and will collect valuable flight test data, in the first time for over 50 years that humans have voyaged to our natural satellite.

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Artemis II – European Service Module perspective
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The European Service Module has 33 thrusters, 11 km of electrical wiring, four propellant and two pressure tanks that all work together to supply propulsion and everything needed to keep the astronauts alive far from Earth – there is no room for error.

Orion: dimensions
Orion: dimensions

“The handover is a formality, but it is an important milestone for the programme. It could not have been achieved without the tremendous effort of all the teams involved,” said Anthony, “ESA will continue to work closely with our NASA and industry colleagues on getting the Orion spacecraft ready for launch and throughout the Artemis II mission.”

The European Service Module-2 will go through further tests before being connected to the Orion crew capsule later this year. The full spacecraft will then be put on track for the launchpad with fuelling and integration with NASA’s mega Moon rocket SLS for a launch next year.

Under European Service Module-2
Under European Service Module-2
Quelle: ESA
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Update: 18.06.2023
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NASA Invites Media to View Orion Spacecraft for Next Artemis Missions

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Technicians inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building power on the Orion crew module for the Artemis II mission for the first time at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on May 27, 2022. The capsule will carry astronauts on a trip around the Moon during the first crewed Artemis flight, helping set the stage for future missions to the Moon.
Credits: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Media are invited to view NASA’s Orion spacecraft for upcoming Artemis missions at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida later this summer.

Engineers are in different phases of assembling and outfitting Orions for Artemis II through IV inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA Kennedy. Subject matter experts will be available for interviews.

A specific date for the event will be determined as engineers refine production schedules. Attendance for this event is open to U.S. and international media, and space is limited. Media must apply by 5 p.m. EDT Sunday, June 25, at:

 

https://media.ksc.nasa.gov

 

Credentialed media will receive a confirmation email upon approval. For questions about accreditation, please email ksc-media-accreditat@mail.nasa.gov. For other questions, please contact Kennedy’s newsroom: 321-867-2468.

NASA is preparing to join the Orion crew and service modules in the coming months ahead of Artemis II, the first crewed mission under Artemis. Technicians are welding subsystem components of the Artemis III crew module throughout the summer. The Artemis IV Orion crew module arrived to Kennedy in February for initial outfitting.

Through Artemis missions, NASA will use innovative technologies to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before and collaborate with commercial and international partners. Then, we will use what we learn on and around the Moon to take the next giant leap: sending the first astronauts to Mars.

Quelle: NASA

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Update: 3.07.2023

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Artemis 2 astronaut Jeremy Hansen says a Canadian will walk on the moon one day

 

 

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