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A new tool to study galaxy evolution
True-color image of the cometary galaxy NC3991, from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).
Surface brightness map of galaxy NGC3991, computed from the CALIFA Integral Field Spectroscopy data. Credit: Jean Michel Gomes & Polychronis Papaderos (IA & University of Porto)
Application of RemoveYoung: Removal of emission associated to ongoing or recent star-formation (over the past 30 million years) in galaxy NGC3991. Credit: Jean Michel Gomes & Polychronis Papaderos (IA & University of Porto)RemoveYoung1 is a new tool developed by Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IA2) astronomers Jean Michel Gomes and Polychronis Papaderos. It is designed to suppress, from galaxy images, the luminosity contribution of young stars. This new tool was presented yesterday by Gomes in an advanced course on stellar populations in galaxies, at the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Vienna.
Jean Michel Gomes (IA & University of Porto), co-leader of the SELGIFS3 work package Reconstruction of the Star Formation History comments that: “RemoveYoung can become an important tool in extragalactic astronomy. We have now a means to unveil the underlying old stellar populations of galaxies that were hidden by luminous massive stars.”
The optical appearance (morphology) of galaxies is the result of their evolutionary history, but how the assembly history of galaxies is imprinted on their present-day morphology is one of the most tantalizing enigmas in extragalactic research.
The morphology of star-forming galaxies is generally dominated by luminous massive young stars, which can outshine the important structural features of the older (and fainter) stellar background. This strongly limits insights into galaxy formation.
Using this publicly available tool, researchers can numerically remove stellar populations younger than a defined age. This permits computation of the spectral energy, surface brightness, and stellar surface density distribution of older stellar populations.
Polychronis Papaderos (IA & University of Porto), founding member and Co-Investigator of SELGIFS and scientist in charge of its Portuguese node comments that: “RemoveYoung exploits the combined power of population spectral synthesis and integral field spectroscopy to unravel the assembly history of galaxies.”
This technique has a variety of applications in star-forming galaxies, and can uncover, for example, tidal tails witnessing past galaxy interactions and mergers, lower mass starburst galaxies near and far, relics from faint dwarf galaxies captured by spiral galaxies, that have contributed to the growth of their discs, or even galactic bars made of old faint stars and being hidden beneath much brighter star-forming regions in the central parts of galaxies.
Jean Michel Gomes was invited by the director of the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Vienna, Prof. Bodo L. Ziegler to present this course on stellar populations in galaxies, which is an important milestone in an existing collaboration between both teams. The institutes have a collaboration within the CALIFA4 survey, focusing on The warm interstellar medium in early-type galaxies.
NOTES
- The article “RemoveYoung: A tool for the removal of the young stellar component in galaxies within an adjustable age cutoff” was published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics (Vol. 594, A49, October 2016, (DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201628316)
- The Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences – IA) is the largest Portuguese research unit in space sciences and integrates researchers from the University of Lisbon and the University of Porto. The institute encompasses most of the field’s national scientific output and it was evaluated as Excellent in the last evaluation from the European Science Foundation (ESF). IA’s activity is funded by national and international funds, including Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/FIS/04434/2013), POPH/FSE and FEDER through COMPETE 2020.
- SELGIFS (Study of Emission-Line Galaxies with Integral-Field Spectroscopy) is an international collaboration focused on the study of emission-line galaxies with integral-field spectroscopy. It is funded under the Marie Curie Actions - International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES) FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES-612701, and it involves institutions from Spain, Mexico, Portugal, Germany and Australia. The Portuguese node is led by Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço / University of Porto.
- The Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area (CALIFA) survey is a project conceived at the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC) and carried out at the Calar Alto Observatory (Almeria, Spain) with the 3.5 meter reflecting telescope. It uses Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectroscopy, a technique that allows for the simultaneous observation of thousands of spectra per galaxy, thus producing a spatially resolved three dimensional view of its stars and ionized gas. CALIFA is the first IFU survey to make its data public.
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